本文目录索引 1,Save you from anything在语法上有错误吗?什么意思? 2,”目前的当务之急”在语法上有错误吗??? 3,Save you from anything 歌词 4,Promise Ring 歌词 5,翻译一下歌词save me from myself是什么意思 6,from now on you are my happy
本文目录索引
- 1,Save you from anything在语法上有错误吗?什么意思?
- 2,”目前的当务之急”在语法上有错误吗???
- 3,Save you from anything 歌词
- 4,Promise Ring 歌词
- 5,翻译一下歌词save me from myself是什么意思
- 6,from now on you are my happy fruit 什么意思
- 7,关于英语语法的问题、请大家帮忙!【急】!!
- 8,请大家讲讲英语的语法
1,Save you from anything在语法上有错误吗?什么意思?
没有错误,save有拯救、保护的意思,from anything指无论遇到什么情况、陷入什么样的危机都必定会拯救你。
在境界线中特指玛丽和伊丽莎白相互救助之意,动画中有个细节可能表述不明,要参照原文理解:第八话中霍华德和四郎谈话时提到过,他怀疑最初是玛丽主动站出来重现处决300人事件,替代伊丽莎白继承了血腥玛丽和玛丽斯图亚特的命运,故这句话也是姐妹之间羁绊的证明。
2,”目前的当务之急”在语法上有错误吗???
成分多余(二)成分多余的辨析与改正;1、含义和构成:;1)含义:句子里多用了不该有的语法成分;2)构成:主语多余、谓语多余、宾语多余、修饰语多;2、分类辨析并改正:;1)主语的多余:;(1);例1;(2)例2、许多老一辈革命家的事迹就是我们学习的;例3、半个世纪以来,他的足迹踏遍了全国20多个省;2)谓语的多余:;(1);例1、他的这篇小说曾经在著名文学杂志《小说月(二)成分多余的辨析与改正1、含义和构成:1)含义:句子里多用了不该有的语法成分。2)构成:主语多余、谓语多余、宾语多余、修饰语多余、虚词的多余。2、分类辨析并改正:1)主语的多余:(1)例1(2)例2、许多老一辈革命家的事迹就是我们学习的好榜样。例3、半个世纪以来,他的足迹踏遍了全国20多个省市,800多个县,测量、摄影、分析、研究的古建筑和文物达2000项之多。2)谓语的多余:(1)例1、他的这篇小说曾经在著名文学杂志《小说月报》上连载发表。例2(2)例3、近日浦东新区法院审结了这起案件,经济损失和诉讼费三千余元。保留含义相对丰富的词语。3)宾语的多余:例1、听了妈妈的话,我心里感到又喜悦又满意的心情。例2例3、其实这是过虑的想法。4)修饰语的多余:(1)定语的多余:例1例2、“安史之乱”造成了人民的生灵涂炭,杜甫一家也辗转流离,漂泊西南。例3、美国2003的3个月到2个星期内进行。(2)例4、最近的一项社会调查显示,不少网络游戏带有暴力情节和色情内容,这无疑会严重影响青少年的身心健康。例5、随着通讯日渐发达,手机几乎成为大家不可缺少的必需品,但使用量增加之后,关于手机质量的投诉也越来越多。(2)状语的多余:(1)例1例2例3、许多家长对孩子过于溺爱,饭来张口,衣来伸手,这对孩子的成长是有害的。例5、我在心里由衷地感谢他。(2)例4、围绕“农民增收”这一目标,该信用社大力支持农村特色经济的发展,重点向特色化、优质化、技术化农户优先发放贷款。(3)补语的多余:例1例2例3、他平时总是沉默寡言,但只要一到学术会议上谈起他那心爱的专业时,跃而健谈多了。例4、大家先把这个问题考虑,以后抽时间研究。应在“考虑”后加上补语“一下”5)概数(约数)的多余:例1、国产轿车的价格低,适于百姓接受,像“都市贝贝”市场统一售价才6.08万元,“英格尔”是6.88万元,新款“桑塔纳”也不过十几万元左右。(2004重庆卷5D)例2、我们在本月中旬前后有个重要会议,所以现在就要好好准备。(2004天津卷5C)例3、6)虚词的多余(虚词已讲):(1)副词的多余:例1、近几年,常有报纸对明星大肆吹捧,过分的溢美之词,助长了某些明星的骄傲情绪。例2:其实,细究起来,“华夏民族文化”这一概念,本身就有一个动态发展的过程,并非是一个封闭的稳定的范畴。例3:我国一向坚持和平共处的五项原则,诉诸于武力无助于问题的解决。(2)介词的多余:例1:经过老主任再三解释,才使他怒气逐渐平息,最后脸上勉强露出一丝笑容。例2:有的人在看问题的方法上是错误的。例3:从这个故事里告诉我们一个真理:虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。(3)连词的多余例1例2:参加这次探险活动前他已写下遗嘱,万一若在探险活动中遇到不测,四个儿女都能从他的巨额遗产中按月领取固定的生活费。例3:王经理称,如果要是有人来买,他将咬牙把价格下调25﹪,否则,他的生意就没赚头了。(4)助词的多余:例1:连用的词语,在内容上不能重复,否则,将会犯了画蛇添足的毛病。例2:青岛是一座非常美丽的城市,我们不能忘记曾经在那里生活着的每一天。例3:学习,学习,再学习,没有什么能把他从自己所喜爱的学习中吸引开去。例4、这次我是受人所迫害的,的的确确是冤枉的。例5、这儿的空气是多么的新鲜,多么的清洁嘛!例6、由于历史动乱和气候的潮湿,珍贵的绘画损失殆尽。附:重复赘余词语列举并非是、绝非是、岂非是、实属是、见诸于、付诸于、来自于、倾向偏重于、涉及到、波及到、再此复发、国际间、人际间、这其中、这其间、此个中、惟其因为、切忌不要、防止不要、杜绝不要、切忌不可、避免不要、大多以??为主、其目的是为了、??之所以??的原因、有助于对??研究、大约15岁左右、大约??上下、约摸??左右(上下)、约略??左右(上下)、大概??左右(上下)、至少3名以上、至少??左右(上下)、至多??左右(上下、以下)、近??左右(上下、以上)、平均??以上(以下)、最多七十岁以下、最少??以上、最小??以上、最大??以下、最高??以下、最低??以上、您令郎、您的令爱、我的愚见、悬殊很大、非常悬殊、差距悬殊、凯旋而归、报刊杂志、邂逅相遇、遭人挨打、可以堪称、亲眼目睹、开始启用、一致公认、随便苟同、非常奇缺、非常溺爱、太过(分)苛求、过分溺爱、过高奢望、无故平添、来我校莅临指导、截止日期的最后一天、时速可达1000公里/小时、迄今也未忘记、多年的夙愿、过高的奢望、多余的废话、喜爱和青睐、青少年人群、第一部处女作、没用的废物、十里路左右的距离、年轻的小伙子、令人可爱(威慑)、令人堪忧、被应邀、多年夙愿、免费赠送、互相厮打、提出质疑、深深的沉思、多虑的想法、非法走私、不熟悉的新情况、坏毛病、不必要的疾病(麻烦、误会)、正常的事业、无声的潜台词、基本上根除、互相自我批评全身(浑身)遍体鳞伤、人民(百姓)生灵涂炭、被人贻笑大方、无数(众多)莘莘学子、特别穷凶极恶、独自孑然一身、眼睛望穿秋水、向后退出一步、座位座无虚席、妄自菲薄自己、出乎意料之外、真知灼见的见解、黄发垂髫的孩童、难言之隐的苦衷、刻骨铭心的难忘、破天荒的第一次、过分的溢美之词、正方兴未艾、目前的当务之急、普通的芸芸众生、无报酬的义务劳动、怙恶不悛不思悔改、独自孑然一身、更加弥足珍贵、人为地蓄意破坏、被人贻笑大方、各自分道扬镳、破天荒第一次、忍俊不禁地笑起来、耳目一新的全新感觉、好像没听到似的充耳不闻、一致耿耿于怀、值得可歌可泣、让人利令智昏、忽然恍然大悟、好像如芒在背、迅速立竿见影、显得相形见绌、过分的溢美之词、感激涕零地流下眼泪、各种形形色色、三令五申地强调、亲自耳闻目睹、优秀的传统美德、常见赘余例析例说(1)目的是为了(“目的”和“为了”都表示“目的”,必须删掉其中的一个。)(2)大多以??为主(“以??为主”中隐含了“大多的”意思,应当删除其中的一个。)(3)葱绿的大葱(“葱绿”就是“像葱那样绿”,与“大葱”重复,应将“葱绿”改“翠绿”。)(4)十分罕见(“罕”就是“很、十分”的意思,应该删去“十分”。)(5)十分炎热(“炎热”指“天气十分热”,再用“十分”修饰就多余了。)(6)非常偏颇(“颇”就有“十分、非常”的意思,应删去“非常”。)(7)国际间(“际”就是“彼此之间”的意思,应删去“间”。)(8)悬殊极大(“悬殊”就是“相差很大”,“极大”乃蛇足。)(9)一致公认(“一致”就是“相同,没有分歧”,“公”即“共同的”,应删去“一致”。(10)无故旷课(“旷课”就是“无故缺课”,再加“无故”就赘余了。)(11)互相撕杀(“撕杀”就是“互相杀”,再用“互相”就多余。)(12)无用的废话,“废”即“无用而多余”,应删去“无用的”。(13)亲眼目睹(“目睹”就是“亲自看到”,应删去“亲眼”。)(14)多年的夙愿(“夙”就是“一向有的,旧有的”,应删去“多年的”。)(15)共同协商(“协”就是“共同合作”,应删“共同”。)(16)报刊杂志(“刊”就是“杂志”,与“杂志”重复。)(17)开始启动(“启”就是“开始”,与“开始”重复。(19)无数莘莘学子(“莘莘”就是“众多”,应删“无数”。(20)初开先河(“先河”本生已包含了“初”的意思,应删“初开”。(21)过高的奢望(“奢”就是“过分的”,与“过度的”重复。)(22)到此光临(“临”就有“到来、到达”的意思,和“到此”重复。)(23)被人贻笑大方(“贻笑大方”就是“被有见识的行家嘲笑”,“被人”多余。)(24)热切渴望(“渴望”就有“迫切地希望”之意,再用“热切”就多余。)(25)“达??多(以上)”,“超过??以上”(“达”是指向上或向数量多的方向到达某点,其本身含有“多于??”之意。“超过”和“以上”重复。)3、初阶练习:1)分析下列句子的具体语病,并加以改正。(1)德育教育关系到培养什么人的问题,要高度重视,常抓不懈,并与时俱进。.(2)不少学生偏食、挑食,导致蛋白质的摄入量偏低,钙、锌、铁等营养素明显不足,营养状况不容令人乐观。(2006全国卷2套3C)(3)近年来,龙口市各行政村以南山岗精神为动力,在新农村建设中励精图治、辛勤耕作,描绘着家园未来美好的远景。(2006山东卷5D)(4)随着通讯日渐发达,手机几乎成为大家不可缺少的必需品,但使用量增加之后,关于手机质量的投诉也越来越多。(2004浙江卷5B)(5)围绕“农民增收”这一目标,该信用社大力支持农村特色经济的发展,重点向特色化、优质化、技术化农户优先发放贷款。(2004浙江卷5A)(6)他平时总是沉默寡言,但只要一到学术会议上谈起他那心爱的专业时,就变得分外活跃而健谈多了。(1997全国卷6D)(7)如何避免比赛过程中出现的不合法、不透明的暗箱操作现象,已经成为困扰本届组委会的首要问题。(2006江苏卷4B)(8)参加这次探险活动前他已写下遗嘱,万一若在探险中遇到不测,四个子女都能从他的巨额遗产中按月领取固定数额的生活费。(2003全国5B)(9)近日新区法院审结了这起案件,违约经营的小张被判令赔偿原告好路缘商贸公司经济损失和诉讼费三千多余元。(2004全国卷ⅡA)(10)艾滋病有性传播、血液传播、母婴传播等三大传播途径,我们需要采取紧急行动制止它的传播,否则不采取紧急行动,将会迅速蔓延,给人类健康带来巨大的威胁。(2006湖北卷4B)(11)这些陈旧的观念不清除,将会直接阻碍我们进一步深化改革的进行。对此,我们必须要有一个正确的认识。(2006辽宁卷5D)(12)他为家乡主编的致富信息小报,信息量大,可读性强。每月印出来后,不到一小时的时间里,数百份小报就被老乡们索要一空。(2004辽宁卷6B)(13)一些边远山区的教师,在长年发不出工资的情况下仍辛勤工作在自己的岗位上,这种精神实在令人可敬。(14)据报道,济南汉墓这次出土的文物不仅数量之多,而且价值之高也是世界罕见。(15)我国约近百分之六十左右的青年认为“诚实守信”、“助人为乐”是优秀的传统美德,是做人的基本准则。(16)天安门是中国古代建筑的精华,集中体现了中国古代工匠的智慧,可以堪称世界建筑艺术的精品。(17)出现这类错误的主要原因,是对分数除法的计算法则运用得不熟练所造成的。(18)全面提高学生的素质教育,是教育界目前当务之急的头等大事。(19)经过这几年大力发展人工养殖,全县有十个场站人均收入超万元以上。(20)台湾有好几个全天播放华语电影的有线电视频道,而周星驰主演的电影回放率极高,简直到了每时每刻至少有一个频道在播放周星驰电影的地步。2)辨析下列句子,选出没有成分多余语病的一项。三、成分残缺或赘疣1.许多老一辈革命家的事迹,就是我们学习的榜样。2.清明节那天,我们到烈士陵园举行了献花。3.只会空想的人一切都只会付诸于东流之水。4.父亲逝世离现在已整整九年了。5.美国和伊拉克一强一弱,实力悬殊很大。6.随着北京“申奥”的成功,我国的体育事业正方兴未艾。7.历经三载,五易其稿,我的拙作终于付梓印刷了。8.一味地盯着金钱,有可能让人利令智昏。9.看到他如此顽强,我油然而生地产生了一种敬意。10.这样的构想如果还缺乏必要的论证,最好不要匆忙公诸于众。11.天又要下雨了,赶快回家吧。12.他的人品和道德永远让我景仰。13.他自己咎由自取,我也没法。14.说到这里,她忍俊不禁地笑了起来。15.没用的废物面对困难只会缩着脖子。16.初秋的天气凉爽多了,太阳已不像夏天那样炎热地悬挂在高空。17.孔繁森的事迹值得可歌可泣。18.不知不觉就走了十里路左右的距离。19.战争,只会使人们生灵涂炭。20.面对波涛汹涌的江水,年轻的小伙子毫不犹豫地跳了下去。21.看着众多莘莘学子的求知目光,他更感责任重大。22.丁伟做什么事情都非常认真得很。23、网上购物,可以说出很多好处,但是目前难以使之受青睐,是因为“好处”的实现并没有成为现实。24、太不巧了,他刚才走了十分钟,要是早来一会儿,你就见着他了。
3,Save you from anything 歌词
歌曲名:Save you from anything 歌手:加藤达也 专辑:TVアニメ 境界线上のホライゾン オリジナルサウンドトラック2 You'll be free Just believe You'll be free Just believe Forever in your arms is where i want to be Just believe Just believe Just believe Just believe Just believe Just believe A'll be free You'll be free Just believe Just believe Just believe You'll be free Just believe Forever in your arms is where i want to be You'll be free Just believe Just believe You'll be free Just believe Forever in your arms is where i want to be Just believe Just believe ~赤月神社漫音组~ 终わり http://music.baidu.com/song/55717986
4,Promise Ring 歌词
歌曲名:Promise Ring 歌手:Tiffany Evans Featuring Ciara 专辑:Tiffany Evans Promise Ring Tiffany Evans by senziwuzi To the b – to the b – to the b – cuz I need Everybody to the floor (why?) Cuz this beat is sick (yeah?) It’s time to rock (uh) That’s what it is Tiffany’s her name Love is the game And the only way to play Is with this promise ring Sometimes a girl needs to know that she’s Appreciated for all the things she does With some sorta token of love Cuz without it her young heart won’t know (heart won’t know) And right then to my surprise (he) Pulled out a small velour box Pink ribbon tied I’m wondering what’s inside He opened it and then he replied He said I promise not to hurt you I promise not to lie I promise to befriend you and defend you with my life I promise you forever I promise you today (He said) Would you wear my promise ring ( I said yes) If ya break ya promise we breakin up Got a couple things that I want Walks in the park and sweet things If I rock your promise ring I could be pretty young thing You could become my king I gotta know you got me Yes, I’ll rock your promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise, promise, promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise Yes, I’ll rock your promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise, promise, promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise Yes, I’ll rock your promise ring How in the world could a girl say no I knew it the moment he made my finger glow It was good to know I’m who he chose It was your heart he felt now it shows (now it shows) U know when u see me floss No way it’s gon get lost I’ll never take this off I’m older and they call me by your name I’ll wear it on a chain Because I can hear you say He said I promise not to hurt you I promise not to lie I promise to befriend you and defend you with my life I promise you forever I promise you today (He said) Would you wear my promise ring ( I said yes) If ya break ya promise we breakin up Got a couple things that I want Walks in the park and sweet things If I rock your promise ring I could be pretty young thing You could become my king I gotta know you got me Yes, I’ll rock your promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise, promise, promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise Yes, I’ll rock your promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise, promise, promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise Yes, I’ll rock your promise ring My name is Tiffany And y’all know me All my girls with me All the boys like me Come correctly With The Promise Ring And u just might be my boo, my boo Pro-mise that you’ll ne-ver let me go and boy I’ll Boy I’ll wear your promise ring All you have to do is say the word and boy I’ll Boy I’ll wear your promise ring Just let me know What I gotta do Just let me know You ain’t goin nowhere I ain’t goin nowhere I’ll be on for sho but you gotta know that If ya break ya promise we breakin up Got a couple things that I want Walks in the park and sweet things If I rock your promise ring I could be pretty young thing You could become my king I gotta know you got me Yes, I’ll rock your promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise, promise, promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise Yes, I’ll rock your promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise, promise, promise ring Yes, I’ll rock your promise Yes, I’ll rock your promise ring http://music.baidu.com/song/7905116
5,翻译一下歌词save me from myself是什么意思
It's not so easy loving me 爱并不是什么简单事
It gets so complicated 它变的如此的复杂
All the things you gotta be 所有的事你都了解
Everything's changing 所有的事都发生了改变
But you're the truth 但你是真实的
I'm amazed by all your patience 我对你的耐心感到吃惊
Everything I put you through 你的一切我都会放行!
And when I'm about to fall 当我几乎要放弃的时候
Somehow you're always waiting with (不知道为什么)你却都在那里
Your open arms to catch me 张开双臂抱住我.
You're gonna save me from myself 你正试图让我快乐.
From myself, yes 是的,内心的.
You're gonna save me from myself 你正试图让我快乐.
My love is tainted by your touch 我的爱被你的触摸所感染
Some guys have shown me aces 一些人歧视我(底牌)
But you've got that royal flush 你却总对我露出微笑
I know it's crazy everyday 我知道每天都很善变(疯狂)
Well tomorrow maybe shaky 虽然未来是个未知数
But you never turn away 但你却决不放弃!
Don't ask me why I'm crying 别问我哭泣的理由
'cause when I start to crumble 因为在我即将崩溃的时候
You know how to keep me smiling 你知道如何让我开怀
You always save me from myself 你总能够让我远离痛苦
From myself, myself 内心的,内心的
You're gonna save me from myself 你正试图拯救我的思想
I know it's hard, it's hard 我知道,这很难,很难!
But you've broken all my walls 但是你未我开辟了一条路
You've been my strength, so strong 你就是我的力量!如此强大!
And don't ask me why I love you 别问我为什么会爱你.
It's obvious you tenderness 很明显是你的温柔.
Is what I need to make me 那是为何需要
A better woman to myself 为自己找个好内柱的原因
To myself, myself 为了我自己,我自己
You're gonna save me from myselfSAVE ME FROM MYSELF 你正在揭开我的心扉!
(后面是重复的,所以不翻译了,我也是乱翻译的,不对的话别笑我,呵呵)
6,from now on you are my happy fruit 什么意思
from now on you are my happy fruit的意思是:
从现在开始你是我幸福的果实;从现在开始你是我的开心果;
happy fruit可以理解为,开心果
【例句】
If you are not happy, I am willing to temporarily lose you to my damage, go back to your happy fruit, until you happy, I will pick up you to my damage, and leave, you want to live.
如果你不开心了,我愿意暂时丢掉你对我的伤害,做回你的开心果,直到你开心了,我就会捡起你对我的伤害,然后离开,让你过你想过的生活。
7,关于英语语法的问题、请大家帮忙!【急】!!
have gone to意为“到某地去”,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一人称、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如: —Where is Jim?———吉姆在哪里? —He has gone to England. ———他去英国了。(尚未回来) Mr Wang isn't here.He has gone to Qingdao. 王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。 have been to意为“曾经去过某地”,现在已不在那里了,后可接次数,如once,twice,three times等,表示“去过某地几次”,也可和 just,never,ever等连用。如: My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次。 I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。 have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”,常与时间段状语连用。如: I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我到上海已有三年了。 He has been in London for half a month. 他来伦敦已有半个月了。 例: 例1. Miss Green isn't in the office, she_______ to the library. A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been 例2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 简析:“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)。”对于例1,既然格林小姐不在办公室,说明她去了图书馆而且没有回来,故答案为A项。 对于例2,句子的意思为“我的父母亲在山东呆了十年”, have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”,常与时间段状语连用。此题也正好出现了时间状语for ten years. 故答案为A项。
8,请大家讲讲英语的语法
在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:
二、非谓语动词用法:
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作独立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式:
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
(四)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
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