善于学习是什么意思，求~与IE相关的英语文章(有翻译的更好)，python pip安装requests时报错，怎么解决...
善于学习是什么意思
“未来属于善于学习的人，而不仅仅属于努力工作的人”。这句话已经成为很多人的座右铭，可见其经典程度。但其中“善于学习”这四字看上去很普通，却有很深的内涵。 善于学习，就是学会学习。未来的文盲不是不识字的人，而是没有学会怎样学习的人。学会既包括向书本学习，向老师学习，向专家学习，向网络学习，向前辈学，向同行学，也包括向学生学习，向社会学习，向实践学习，向生活学习。学而思之，学而用之，学而知之。当然，还包括以下几个方面的内容。 善于学习，让学习成为乐趣。孔子曰：“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者”。兴趣能让人调动更多的精力在学习上，乐趣是学习中最可持续的动力。但现实中我们面对的很多学习内容不是自己的感兴趣的。在这种情况下，需要从枯燥的内容里挖掘出自己喜欢的东西，逐渐培养自己的学习兴趣，学通了，有成就感了，兴趣就会变成乐趣了。还有些人想学，但学不进去，是因为自己并不知道为什么而学。只有带着问题学，学了能解决问题，才能找到学习的乐趣。培养学习乐趣，就要找准学习与工作，学习与生活的结合点，让学习成为提高工作能力和提升生活品质的手段。这样，学习本身就成了一种乐趣、一种享受了。 善于学习，让学习成为习惯。著名教育专家叶圣陶说：“凡是好的态度和好的方法，都要使它化成习惯。只有熟练成了习惯，好的态度和方法才能随时随地表现。”许多人对学习往往是三四天的热情，时间一长就坚持不下去了。这与其说是缺少恒心，不如说是没有养成学习习惯。养成良好的学习习惯是一个长期努力、坚持不懈的过程，也是磨练意志、性格、品质的过程。现在我们养习惯，将来习惯养我们。很多哲人说，开卷有益，坚持数年必有好处。我说：天天开卷，坚持一生，更有好处。坚持一个行动，定能收获一种习惯，养成一种习惯，定能收获一种命运。养成良好的学习习惯，是好运的开始，也是步入成功之路的开始。 善于学习，要学会取舍。生命是有限的，知识是无限的。面对知识爆炸、信息泛滥的时代，你就是诸葛亮在世，也难以应对。那如何是好呢？唯一办法就用取舍智慧来应对。“任凭弱水三千,我只取一瓢饮！”人生之道，贵在取舍。取，并不是非要我们事事精通，无所不能，舍，也并不是要我们去自暴自弃，无所事事。做一个拿得起放得下的人，追求自己想要的东西，不被一些过眼云烟所迷惑。 学会取舍，才会懂得专注。只有专注，才有克利夫顿?费迪曼在《一生的读书计划》中说那样：“这些著作（指他推荐的书）应该一读再读，25岁读柏拉图跟45岁时读柏拉图的感受是不同的。”这种不同，是专注学习的升华的。希望我们也能不断发现和感受这种不同。只有专注，才能学有所成，只有专注才能干大事情。 明白了善于学习的内涵，就让我们从现在成为善于学习的人吧！ ——张满志的博客
求~与IE相关的英语文章(有翻译的更好)
Internet Explorer, abbreviated IE or MSIE, is a proprietary graphical web browser made by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. It has been the most widely-used web browser since 1999.
Though released in 1995 as part of Microsoft Plus!, Internet Explorer did not become included as the default browser for Microsoft Windows until the release of Windows 95 OSR1 in 1996. The last major upgrade to Internet Explorer, 6.0 SV1[1], is included in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 only. Version 7 of Internet Explorer is currently under development; Beta versions have been released on a regular basis, most recently build 5346.5 released April 24, 2006. Versions of Internet Explorer prior to 6.0 SV1 are also available as a separate download for versions of Windows up to Windows XP.
Internet Explorer was also developed for several other operating systems: Internet Explorer for Mac and Internet Explorer for UNIX (the latter for use through the X Window System on Solaris and HP-UX). All of these versions have ceased active development.
Internet Explorer is currently known as Microsoft Internet Explorer, but the name will change to Windows Internet Explorer with the release of Internet Explorer 7.
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Features
2.1 Component architecture
2.2 Usability and accessibility
2.3 Security framework
2.4 Group Policy
2.5 Standards support
2.6 Proprietary extensions
3 Version 7
3.1 New features and changes
4 Criticisms
5 Market adoption
5.1 Usage share
5.2 Industry adoption
6 "Standalone" Internet Explorer
7 Removal
8 Notes and references
9 See also
10 External links
[edit]
History
Internet Explorer 4.0 under WindowsMain article: History of Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer is derived from Spyglass Mosaic, an early commercial web browser. In 1995, Spyglass Mosaic was licensed by Microsoft in an arrangement under which Spyglass would receive a quarterly fee plus a percentage of Microsoft's revenues for the software. Although bearing a name similar to NCSA Mosaic, which was the first widely used browser, Spyglass Mosaic was relatively unknown in its day and did not use any of the NCSA Mosaic source code[2].
Internet Explorer was not widely used until the release of version 3, when Internet Explorer was integrated into Windows Explorer and other core parts of Windows. This integration, however, was subject to numerous criticisms (see United States v. Microsoft).
Internet Explorer 3 was the first major browser with CSS support. Released on August 13, 1996, it introduced support for ActiveX controls, Java applets, inline multimedia, and the PICS system for content metadata. These improvements were significant, compared to its main competitor at the time, Netscape Navigator. Version 3 also came bundled with Internet Mail and News, NetMeeting, and an early version of the Windows Address Book, and was itself included with Windows 95 OSR 2. Version 3 proved to be the first popular version of Internet Explorer, which brought with it increased scrutiny. In the months following its release, a number of security and privacy vulnerabilities were being found by researchers and hackers.
Version 4, released in September 1997, deepened the level of integration between the web browser and the underlying operating system. Installing version 4 on a Windows 95 or windows NT 4 machine and choosing "windows desktop update" would result in the traditional Windows Explorer being replaced by a version more akin to a web browser interface, as well as the Windows desktop itself being web-enabled via Active Desktop. This option was no longer available with the installers for later versions of internet explorer but was not removed from the system if already installed. Internet Explorer 4 introduced support for Group Policy, allowing companies to configure and lock down many aspects of the browser's configuration. Internet Mail and News was replaced with Outlook Express, and Microsoft Chat and an improved NetMeeting were also included. This version also was included with Windows 98.
Version 5, launched on March 18, 1999, and subsequently included with Windows 98 Second Edition and Windows 2000, and bundled with Office 2000, was another significant release that supported bi-directional text, ruby characters, XML, XSL and the ability to save web pages in MHTML format. Version 5.5 followed in July 2000, improving its print preview capabilities, CSS and HTML standards support, and developer APIs; this version was bundled with Windows Me.
Version 6 was released on August 27, 2001, a few weeks before Windows XP. This version included DHTML enhancements, content restricted inline frames, and better support of CSS level 1, DOM level 1 and SMIL 2.0. The MSXML engine was also updated to version 3.0. Other new features included a new version of the IEAK, Media bar, Windows Messenger integration, fault collection, automatic image resizing, P3P, and a new look-and-feel that was in line with the "Luna" visual style of Windows XP.
On February 15, 2005, Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates announced that the new version of its browser would be released at the RSA Conference 2005 in San Francisco [3]. The decision to update the browser occurred in the wake of a decline in the use of Internet Explorer for the first time. Microsoft also stated that Internet Explorer 7 will only be available for Windows XP SP2 and later, including Windows Server 2003 SP1 and Windows Vista. The first beta version of the browser was released on July 27, 2005 for technical testing, and a first public preview version of Internet Explorer 7 (Beta 2 preview: Pre-Beta 2 version) was released on January 31, 2006. Version 7 is intended to defend users from phishing as well as deceptive or malicious software, and also features full user control of ActiveX, and better security framework. It includes important bug fixes, enhancements to support the web standards, improvements in HTML 4.01/CSS 2, Tabbed Browsing, Tab preview and management, and web feeds reader.
[edit]
Features
Main article: Features of Internet Explorer
The pop-up blocker included in Internet Explorer 6 SV1Internet Explorer has been designed to view the broadest range of web pages and to provide certain features within the operating system, including Windows Update. During the heydays of the historic browser wars, Internet Explorer superseded Netscape by supporting many of the progressive features of the time.
[edit]
Component architecture
The Component Object Model (COM) technology is used extensively in Internet Explorer. It allows third parties to add functionality via Browser Helper Objects (BHO); and allows websites to offer rich content via ActiveX. As these objects can have the same privileges as the browser itself (in certain situations), there is a concern over security. This issue was addressed in Internet Explorer 6.0 SV1, which provides an Add-on Manager for controlling ActiveX controls and Browser Helper Objects. Internet Explorer 7 provides a "No Add-Ons" version (Under Programs/Accessories/System Tools) to address this issue, as well.
[edit]
Usability and accessibility
Since it is tightly integrated with the operating system, Internet Explorer makes use of the accessibility framework provided in Windows. Internet Explorer is also a user interface for FTP, with operations similar to that of Windows Explorer.
The ability to block popup windows was introduced with Internet Explorer 6.0, Service Pack 2.
Tabbed browsing can be added to Internet Explorer 6 by installing Microsoft's MSN Search Toolbar, and is natively supported as of Internet Explorer 7.
[edit]
Security framework
Internet Explorer uses a zone-based security framework, which means that sites are grouped based upon certain conditions. It allows the restriction of broad areas of functionality, and also allows specific functions to be restricted.
Patches and updates to the browser are released periodically and made available through the Windows Update, as well as through Automatic Updates. Although security patches continue to be released for a range of platforms, most recent feature additions and security improvements are released for Windows XP only.
Internet Explorer 6 Service Pack 2 provides Download Monitoring and Install Monitoring that user can choose to download, or not to download and, choose to install, or not to install Applications, Executables and Installations. This helps to prevent installation of malware. Executable files downloaded using Internet Explorer are marked by the operating system as being potentially unsafe, and will prompt the user to confirm they want to run the executable every time, until the user confirms the file is "safe".
[edit]
Group Policy
Internet Explorer is fully configurable using Group Policy. Administrators of Windows Server domains can apply and enforce a variety of settings that affect the user interface (such as disabling menu items and individual configuration options), as well as underlying security features such as downloading of files, zone configuration, per-site settings, ActiveX control behavior, and others. Policy settings can be configured on a per-user and per-machine basis.
[edit]
Standards support
Internet Explorer, using the Trident layout engine, almost fully supports HTML 4.01, CSS Level 1, XML 1.0 and DOM Level 1, with minor implementation gaps. It partially supports CSS Level 2 and DOM Level 2, with some implementation gaps and conformance issues. It supports XHTML 1.0 to the extent that HTML 4.01 compatibility guidelines are followed. Internet Explorer uses DOCTYPE sniffing to choose between "quirks mode" (renders similarly to older versions of MSIE) and standards mode (renders closer to W3C's specifications) for HTML and CSS rendering. It fully supports XSLT 1.0 or the December 1998 Working Draft of XSL, depending on the version of MSXML (a dynamic link library) available. It also provides its own dialect of ECMAScript called JScript.
[edit]
Proprietary extensions
Internet Explorer has introduced an array of proprietary extensions to many of the standards, including HTML, CSS and the DOM. This has resulted in a number of web pages that can only be viewed properly using Internet Explorer. Many view this as an example of what is called "embrace, extend and extinguish", a way to drive competitors out of business by forcing them to use proprietary technology that a company controls, resulting in vendor lock-in. Netscape Navigator up to version 4.7 was also responsible for massive proprietary extension of the core web standards, but was not criticized for it as much.
[edit]
Version 7
This article or section contains information about software that is under development.
It is likely to contain information of a speculative nature, and the content may change dramatically as the software release approaches and more information becomes available.
Internet Explorer 7 viewing Wikipedia
Internet Explorer 7's "Quick Tabs"Version 7.0 of Internet Explorer has been renamed to Windows Internet Explorer, as part of Microsoft's rebranding of component names that are included with Windows. Set to ship with Windows Vista, and as a separate download for Windows XP with Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1, large amounts of the underlying architecture, including the rendering engine and security framework, have been completely overhauled. Partly as a result of these security enhancements, the browser will be a stand-alone application, rather than integrated with the Windows shell, and it will no longer be capable of acting as a file browser.
The Windows Vista version will incorporate additional security measures, most significantly "Protected Mode", whereby the browser runs in a sandbox with even lower rights than a limited user account software. As such, it can write to only the Temporary Internet Files folder and can not install start-up programs or change any configuration of the operating system. This is expected to increase the security of the system considerably.[2] However, the Windows XP version of Internet Explorer 7 will not feature "Protected Mode" operation. Security research agency Secunia reported an "Extremely critical" security vulnerability in the initial Beta 2 Preview of Internet Explorer 7, which was released in January 2006; however, the vulnerability does not affect the subsequent March release of the Beta 2 Preview. [3]
On January 31st 2006, Microsoft released a public preview build (Beta 2 preview: Pre-Beta 2 version) of Internet Explorer 7 for Windows XP Service Pack 2 (not for Windows Server 2003 SP 1) on their web site. It stated that more public preview builds (possibly Beta 2 in April) of Internet Explorer 7 will be released in first half of 2006, and final version will be released in second half of 2006.[4]. The pre beta build was refreshed on March 20, 2006 to build 7.0.5335.5. A real Beta 2 Build was released on April 24, 2006 to build 7.0.5346.5. In addition, at the MIX'06 conference, Bill Gates said that Microsoft is already working on the next two versions of IE after version 7.
[edit]
New features and changes
Internet Explorer 7's Web feed readerInternet Explorer is no longer integrated with the Windows Explorer shell for better security. Local files typed in IE7 are opened using the Windows Explorer shell and Web sites typed in Windows Explorer shell are opened using IE7.
Version 7 supports tabbed browsing, which has been a popular feature in competing web browsers for some time. Unfortunately in Beta 1, there was no way to turn this feature off, should you need to, however, as of Beta 2, there is now a option within Internet Options, called Tabs, just above the Search Providers option. However, the first tab merely duplicates the information in the title frame (and, often, address field) immediately above – and the tabs field displaces your usual plug-in icons entirely. There is also a feature called "Quick Tabs", which displays a thumbnail preview of opened tabs, treating tabs like Exposé treats application windows. With this new feature, user can find, open, close, and refresh opened tabs easily.
International Domain Names (IDN) support with anti-spoofing technology.
A search box has been added to the top-right corner, to do fast searches using a search engine. MSN Search is the default[4], but additional providers may be added (Google, Altavista, Yahoo!, etc). Microsoft provides a list of common providers[5]. The search box uses A9.com's OpenSearch technology to import search providers. By using an open standard, Microsoft made it easier for websites to include their pre-defined search queries in the search box[6]. There is also a comprehensive list of popular search providers that can be added to the search box available here.
Long-awaited support for per-pixel alpha channel transparency in PNG images has been added.[7]
Feed reader integration in Web feeds support is built in version 7.0. The feed reader is fully integrated with the browser, so that user can read web feeds (RSS or Atom) without an RSS reader. It also discovers web feeds automatically. Updates to web feeds can be retrieved when the web browser isn't running. The web feeds feature set is also available to third-party developers through API's, so that the list of subscribed feeds (as well as their current contents) can be used. [8]
ActiveX Opt-In blocks ActiveX Control unless it allowed to be installed. This feature improves security from unverificable and vulnerable controls. ActiveX controls can be chosen to be installed on Information Bar. User can turn on and off ActiveX Contol by using Add-on Manager.
A number of improvements to CSS, DOM and HTML support have been made. Microsoft's stated goal with version 7 was to fix the most significant "bugs" and areas which caused the most trouble for developers, and then improved coverage of the standards would come later.
The well-known problem of having the right-hand portion of a web page cut off when the page is printed has been fixed. Page content can also be "shrunk" to fit more text on a single page. The revamped "Print Preview" interface will also let users drag the page margins around and see the results immediately.
A "Zoom" selector has been added to the bottom-right corner of the user interface. Unlike the "Text size" feature, this will zoom the complete contents of the web page, allowing for easier reading on larger displays. Fonts are rendered at higher resolution.[9]
ClearType can be enabled or disabled separately from the rest of the operating system.[10]
The new "Phishing Filter" offers protection against phishing scams and other web sites that may be considered dangerous for a user to enter their personal information into. When enabled, every web site the user visits is checked against a master list of known phishing sites. If a site is listed, the user is informed. In light of the privacy implications of this feature, it is not enabled automatically; the user is asked when they start Internet Explorer 7 if they want it enabled.[11] Microsoft is working in conjunction with companies that specialize in identifying phishing schemes to ensure the list of known sites is accurate and quickly updated.[12]
Address Bar and status bar appear in all windows including Pop-Up which helps to block malicious sites from disguising them as trusted sites. Also the address bar features a color code to visually indicate the trustworthiness of the page. The Address Bar turns red when a page, with invalid security certificate, is accessed. In case of sites not using any encryption, the address bar is white. And if the page uses high security certificate, the bar turns green. Modal windows such as dialog boxes are shown only when it's selected the tab that has generated it (the tab colour becomes orange).
Unique dynamic Go/Refresh button. When you type an URL into the address bar the button changes from Refresh to Go and when you press Go (or keyboard Enter) the button changes from Go to Refresh. In this way the space taken by the toolbars is optimized and you have more space for the web pages.
"Fix My Settings" checks at startup or when a setting is changed, if the current settings are unsafe and notify to the user. The user can also press a button in order to fix the settings to a safe state.
Old protocols and technologies removed: Gopher, Telnet, Scriptlets, DirectAnimation, XBM, etc.
Support for channel (.CDF) files has been removed (also known as 'Active Desktop Items' they include stock-tickers and weather maps which would update continously and be placed onto the desktop. For examples of these old elements, go here:[13]).
"No Add-ons" allows to launch IE7 without the installed extensions
The menu bar (containing "File" and "Edit") can be hidden to allow more space for webpages. Its position in the window can also be moved from the top-row underneath the window — its new, default position is now between the navigation (aka 'address') bar and the tabs row.
[edit]
Criticisms
Main article: Criticisms of Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer is subject to a relatively high volume of criticism. Much of this criticism is related to concerns about security: A notable portion of the widespread promulgation of spam, spyware, adware, and computer viruses across the Internet is known to be facilitated by exploitable bugs and flaws in the security architecture of Internet Explorer. Furthermore, a notable number of users and security experts have asserted that Microsoft has not been sufficiently committed to fixing the browser's exploitable bugs in a timely manner, and has been ineffective in pushing those changes out to users. Several companies maintain databases of security vulnerabiliti
python pip安装requests时报错，怎么解决
D:\Python>pip install --allow-all-external requests
DEPRECATION: --allow-all-external has been deprecated and will be removed in the future. Due to changes in the repository protocol, it no longer has any effect.
Collecting requests
Downloading requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (576kB)
39% |████████████▌ | 225kB 6.1kB/s eta 0:00:58Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 232, in _error_catcher
yield
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 314, in read
data = self._fp.read(amt)
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 60, in read
data = self.__fp.read(amt)
File "d:\python\lib\http\client.py", line 449, in read
n = self.readinto(b)
File "d:\python\lib\http\client.py", line 493, in readinto
n = self.fp.readinto(b)
File "d:\python\lib\socket.py", line 586, in readinto
return self._sock.recv_into(b)
File "d:\python\lib\ssl.py", line 1002, in recv_into
return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
File "d:\python\lib\ssl.py", line 865, in read
return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
File "d:\python\lib\ssl.py", line 625, in read
v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 324, in run
requirement_set.prepare_files(finder)
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 620, in _prepare_file
session=self.session, hashes=hashes)
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 821, in unpack_url
hashes=hashes
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 659, in unpack_http_url
hashes)
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 882, in _download_http_url
_download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes)
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 603, in _download_url
hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\hashes.py", line 46, in check_against_chunks
for chunk in chunks:
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 571, in written_chunks
for chunk in chunks:
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\ui.py", line 139, in iter
for x in it:
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 560, in resp_read
decode_content=False):
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 357, in stream
data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 324, in read
flush_decoder = True
File "d:\python\lib\contextlib.py", line 100, in __exit__
self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
File "d:\python\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 237, in _error_catcher
raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Read timed out.
换一个国内的更新源吧：
pip install requests -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host=pypi.douban.com
下一篇：没有了
