本文目录索引 1,萧伯纳的代表作是什么? 2,剧本 鳏夫的房产 3,有一个名人叫什么伯纳 4,萧伯纳的作品有哪些? 5,鳏夫的房产 6,一共写了51个剧本的外国作家是谁 7,George Bernard Shaw最出名的作品?! 8,在英国作家中有没有George Bernard Shaw的,他的
本文目录索引
- 1,萧伯纳的代表作是什么?
- 2,剧本 鳏夫的房产
- 3,有一个名人叫什么伯纳
- 4,萧伯纳的作品有哪些?
- 5,鳏夫的房产
- 6,一共写了51个剧本的外国作家是谁
- 7,George Bernard Shaw最出名的作品?!
- 8,在英国作家中有没有George Bernard Shaw的,他的作品中有没有"Mrs Warren's Profession.这个作品关于什么的
- 9,自我控制是最强者的本能。(萧伯纳) 求这句话的原文、具体出自那部作品?
- 10,红楼梦and主要人物及其关系
1,萧伯纳的代表作是什么?
1、《鳏夫的房产》 第一幕,在莱茵河上雷马根附近的一家旅馆里,游客英国青年屈兰奇大夫和朋友高坎在这里歇脚.船上还有他们刚结识的朋友。 美国绅士萨托里阿斯和他的女儿白朗琪也住在这里。屈兰奇和白朗琪一见钟情,欲订终身,萨托里阿斯也愿意成就这门亲事,并让他们写封家信。 第二幕,在英国苏比顿萨托里阿斯的别墅里,屈兰奇和高坎带着家信来见萨托里阿斯,碰巧萨托里阿斯的收租人李克奇斯被解雇。 当从李克奇斯口中得知萨托里阿斯的财富来源于贫民窟时,屈兰奇要求白朗琪婚后不接受任何来自父亲的财产,但他没有说明原因。 两人因此争吵,经高坎和萨托利阿斯调解,屈兰奇方得知自己的财产和萨托利阿斯一样来自贫民窟,决定向白朗琪道歉。但白朗琪误认为屈兰奇反复无常,坚决要求取消婚约,屈兰奇羞愤离去。 第三幕,4个月后李克奇斯突然来访,屈兰奇得知自己的收入同样来自萨托里阿斯,于是抛弃了原来的想法同白朗琪结了婚。 而且还同他的岳父合伙做买卖,用牺牲公共利益的方法发财致富,作品剥掉了“上等人”体面的外衣,揭露了其残忍贪婪的本质。 2、《人与超人》 《人与超人》(1901—1902)是哲理喜剧。萧伯纳根据欧洲流传已久的唐璜传说,描写了青年男女泰纳尔与安的爱情故事。 坦纳是安的监护人之一,思想激进,机智善辩,专门写了本《革命者手册和袖珍指南》。安有意追求他,他发觉后逃到了西班牙,但安接踵而至。 最后坦纳不得不屈服在安代表的“生命力”之下。剧本中,又以梦景的形式,安插了完全可以独立的一场戏:“唐璜在地狱”。 让剧中人物就进步、进化、生命力等题目展开论辩,使全剧增加了理念剧的成分,集中地体现了萧伯纳的“创造进化论”思想。 由于它不同寻常的结构和标志着艺术技巧新方向的象征主义手法,《人和超人》已成为当代英美批评家关注的一个焦点。 3、《巴巴拉少校》 《巴巴拉少校》以救世军为题材,反映了贫富不均和劳资冲突等尖锐的社会问题。喜剧的主人公巴巴拉是个有理想的青年,虔诚的基督教徒,救世军中的少校。 她认为宗教是整个社会的基础,所有的人都是上帝的女儿,而她的理想就是在救世军中拯救穷人的灵魂。救世军的慈善事业需要金钱,由于经费短缺,巴巴拉所在的救世军收容所面临困难。 巴巴拉的父亲安德谢夫是军火商,他出于个人的目的,在参观收容所时当场捐出5000英镑。巴巴拉起初说服救世军,希望他们不接受父亲的金钱。 她和父亲的冲突,是经济和信仰的冲突,理想和现实的冲突。巴巴拉后来在别人的劝说下,还是要了这笔钱。人们在安德谢夫走后,感谢他的善行。 巴巴拉的幻想破灭,痛苦地摘下救世军领章,别在父亲的衣领上。而当安德谢夫要收买救世军时,她终于屈服,相信是“威士忌大王”鲍吉尔和军火商救活了穷人。 如果她离开父亲,就是“离开生活”。巴巴拉的转变虽然显得唐突,但也并非完全不可能。巴巴拉的精神苦闷,也表达了一些和上层社会有千丝万缕联系的青年知识分子的苦闷。 4、《圣女贞德》 《圣女贞德》是萧伯纳著名剧作,贞德是十五世纪法国著名的民族英雄。在20世纪上半叶,英法两国爆发战争法国不敌英国在战场上节节败退。 这时贞德向法国政府申请加入到保卫国家的队伍中,这个18岁的农村姑娘的要求并未得到政府当局的理睬,甚至遭到了无情的嘲讽,法国不可能依靠一支由女性带领的军队将英军逐出国境。 在贞德的爱国行为被视为发疯行为时,罗伯特·德·鲍德里考特上尉同意了贞德的要求,这位法国军事上尉认为法军的败退需要有其他方式来逆转,他坚信贞德可以为法军带来一阵西风。 并协助法军打败英军取得前线胜利。于是,贞德成为一支军队的首领,他们带着武器赶赴前线与法国士兵并肩作战,身为圣卡瑟琳忠诚信徒的贞德坚信她的加入能帮助法军击退英军。 果然贞德的出现为法军创造了胜利奇迹,法军成功驱逐了英军的入侵。贞德在军事上的胜利使其一度成为法国人人敬仰的对象,被法国人尊称为“圣女”。 但她的军事能力也被英国政府当局所忌惮,于是英国人联合法国天主教科雄一同诬陷贞德。最终,贞德被法国人出卖,英国人将她囚禁并以女巫的罪名将她残忍地烧死。 5、《卖花女》 《卖花女》(又被译作《皮格马利翁》)是爱尔兰剧作家萧伯纳的戏剧。过描写教授如何训练一名贫苦卖花女并最终成功被上流社会所认可的故事,抨击当时英国的腐朽保守的等级意识。后来的好莱坞据此翻拍了电影《窈窕淑女》。 参考资料来源:百度百科-萧伯纳
2,剧本 鳏夫的房产
第一幕,在莱茵河上雷马根附近的一家旅馆里,游客英国青年屈兰奇大夫和朋友高坎在这里歇脚.船上还有他们刚结识的朋友,美国绅士萨托里阿斯和他的女儿白朗琪也住在这里.屈兰奇和白朗琪一见钟情,欲订终身.萨托里阿斯也愿意成就这门亲事,并让他们写封家信. 第二幕,在英国苏比顿萨托里阿斯的别墅里,屈兰奇和高坎带着家信来见萨托里阿斯.碰巧萨托里阿斯的收租人李克奇斯被解雇.当从李克奇斯口中得知萨托里阿斯的财富来源于贫民窟时,屈兰奇决定取消婚约. 第三幕,4个月后李克奇斯突然来访.屈兰奇得知自己的收入同样来自萨托里阿斯,于是抛弃了原来的想法同白朗琪结了婚,而且还同他的岳父合伙做买卖,用牺牲公共利益的方法发财致富.作品剥掉了“上等人”体面的外衣,揭露了其残忍贪婪的本质。
3,有一个名人叫什么伯纳
萧伯纳 萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw,1856年7月26日—1950年11月2日),爱尔兰剧作家。1925年因作品具有理想主义和人道主义而获诺贝尔文学奖,他是英国现代杰出的现实主义戏剧作家,是世界著名的擅长幽默与讽刺的语言大师,同时他还是积极的社会活动家和费边社会主义的宣传者。他支持妇女的权利,呼吁选举制度的根本变革,倡导收入平等,主张废除私有财产。 萧伯纳的一生,是和社会主义运动发生密切关系的一生。他认真研读过《资本论》,公开声言他“是一个普通的无产者”,“一个社会主义者”。他主张艺术应当反映迫切的社会问题,反对“为艺术而艺术”。其思想深受德国哲学家叔本华及尼采的影响,而他又读过马克思的著作,不过他却主张用渐进的方法改变资本主义制度,反对暴力革命。
4,萧伯纳的作品有哪些?
作品有:《圣女贞德》、《伤心之家》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《卡希尔·拜伦的职业》、《念珠菌》、《武器和人》、《鳏夫的房产》、《你永远无法告诉》、《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》。 1、《圣女贞德》 《圣女贞德》(1923)是英国现实主义戏剧作家萧伯纳描写法国青年女爱国者贞德在英法百年战争中领导农民反抗英军被俘牺牲的一部悲剧,共分为六场历史剧,并附有尾声。 前三幕写贞德获得统治者授权,抵抗英军的经历,第四幕写英法勾结,欲陷害贞德,第四幕写贞德为查理七世加冕后,欲一鼓作气,将英国侵略者赶出法国,而国王和大臣们则安于一时的和平,反对贞德的想法。 第六幕写贞德被捕,受审,牺牲。最后的尾声写贞德被平反、封圣,所有罪人都受到审判。 2、《伤心之家》 《伤心之家》(1916—1917)是刻意用契诃夫《樱桃园》营造氛围的笔法写成的,剧本有个副标题:“俄国风格的英国主题狂想曲”。 剧作通过女青年艾丽·邓的视角,描写88岁的老船长邵特非和他一家房客。邵特非已经半疯,酷似莎士比亚笔下的李尔王。 住在他家里的是些空想家、撒谎者、无用的艺术家和他们的亲属,他们放荡不羁而又心灰意冷,满腹牢骚而又消极遁世。 整个住宅就像一条即将触礁、沉没、破裂的船,失去了方向也没有什么依靠,象征着走向末路的英国与西方文明社会。 3、《华伦夫人的职业》 《华伦夫人的职业》是萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw)的代表剧作。四幕剧,1894年首演。作品揭露了资本主义社会的经济基础,指出统治阶级的财富是建筑在对人民的残酷剥削上,在资产阶级社会没有道德可言。 作者将此剧列入“不快意的戏剧”一类,作品批判不讲道德、贪婪、腐朽的资产阶级生活。揭发披华贵外衣者的堕落,但对华伦夫人这类卖淫从业者给予了深切同情,因为逼良为娼是社会的罪恶。 1920年此剧在中国上海演出,但由于社会、中国戏剧传统、改编的脚本、演员、看客、本钱家与剧院的性质等方面原因,首次开演票房支出昏暗,尔后的三次试演也不尽善尽美,但影响对后来中国戏剧产生了一定影响。 4、《鳏夫的房产》 是萧伯纳写的第一部剧作,是“不愉快的戏剧”三个剧本之一。全剧分三幕。 第一幕,在莱茵河上雷马根附近的一家旅馆里,游客英国青年屈兰奇大夫和朋友高坎在这里歇脚.船上还有他们刚结识的朋友,美国绅士萨托里阿斯和他的女儿白朗琪也住在这里.屈兰奇和白朗琪一见钟情,欲订终身.萨托里阿斯也愿意成就这门亲事,并让他们写封家信。 第二幕,在英国苏比顿萨托里阿斯的别墅里,屈兰奇和高坎带着家信来见萨托里阿斯.碰巧萨托里阿斯的收租人李克奇斯被解雇.当从李克奇斯口中得知萨托里阿斯的财富来源于贫民窟时,屈兰奇要求白朗琪婚后不接受任何来自父亲的财产,但他没有说明原因。 两人因此争吵,经高坎和萨托利阿斯调解,屈兰奇方得知自己的财产和萨托利阿斯一样来自贫民窟,决定向白朗琪道歉。但白朗琪误认为屈兰奇反复无常,坚决要求取消婚约,屈兰奇羞愤离去。 第三幕,4个月后李克奇斯突然来访.屈兰奇得知自己的收入同样来自萨托里阿斯,于是抛弃了原来的想法同白朗琪结了婚,而且还同他的岳父合伙做买卖,用牺牲公共利益的方法发财致富.作品剥掉了“上等人”体面的外衣,揭露了其残忍贪婪的本质。 5、《人与超人》 《人与超人》(1901—1902)是哲理喜剧。萧伯纳根据欧洲流传已久的唐璜传说,描写了青年男女泰纳尔与安的爱情故事。 坦纳是安的监护人之一,思想激进,机智善辩,专门写了本《革命者手册和袖珍指南》。安有意追求他,他发觉后逃到了西班牙,但安接踵而至,最后坦纳不得不屈服在安代表的“生命力”之下。 剧本中,又以梦景的形式,安插了完全可以独立的一场戏:“唐璜在地狱”,让剧中人物就进步、进化、生命力等题目展开论辩,使全剧增加了理念剧的成分,集中地体现了萧伯纳的“创造进化论”思想。 由于它不同寻常的结构和标志着艺术技巧新方向的象征主义手法,《人与超人》已成为当代英美批评家关注的一个焦点。 参考资料来源:百度百科——萧伯纳
5,鳏夫的房产
鳏夫的房产
英国戏剧家萧伯纳写的第一部剧作,是“不愉快的戏剧”三个剧本之一。剧本写资产者萨托里阿斯拥有大量房地产,靠剥削贫民窟里的穷人为生。他的女白郎琪和青年医生屈兰奇订婚,但当屈兰奇发现萨托里阿斯财富的来源时,他请求白朗琪同她的父亲断绝一切金钱关系。白郎琪拒绝了这个请求,婚约也随之取消。后来屈兰奇发现他自己的收入同样来自萨托里阿斯,于是改变了原来的想法,同白朗琪结了婚,而且还同他的岳父合伙做买卖,用牺特公共利益的方法发财致富。
《鳏夫的房产》是根据当时英国的社会情况而写的。工人的住房条件是一个重大的政治问题,郡议会即将进行选举,萧伯纳写这出戏的目的是提高选民们的觉悟,说服他们投进步候选人的票。
6,一共写了51个剧本的外国作家是谁
萧伯纳
1885至1949年近64个创作春秋中,他共完成了51个剧本.前期主要有《不愉快戏剧集》,包括《鳏夫的房产》(1892)、《荡子》(1893)和《华伦夫人的职业》(1894)等;
《愉快的戏剧集》由《武器与人》(1894)、《康蒂妲》(1894)、《风云人物》(1895)和《难以预料》(1896)组成.
第三个戏剧集名为《为清教徒写的戏剧》,其中有《魔鬼的门徒》(1897)、《凯撒和克莉奥佩屈拉》(1898)和《布拉斯庞德上尉的转变》(1897).
进入 20世纪之后,萧伯纳的创作进入高峰,发表了著名的剧本《人与超人》(1903)、《芭芭拉少校》(1905)、《伤心之家》(1913)、《圣女贞德》(1923)、《苹果车》(1929)和《真相毕露》(1932)、《突然出现的岛上愚人》(1936)等.
7,George Bernard Shaw最出名的作品?!
萧伯纳说话最有意思了呵呵
性别:男
出生年月:1856-1950
国籍:爱尔兰
所获奖项:1925年诺贝尔文学奖
乔治·萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw,1856-1950)爱尔兰戏剧家。生于爱尔兰首都都柏林,父亲做过法院公务员,后经商失败,酿酒成癖,母亲为此离家去伦敦教授音乐。受母亲熏陶,萧伯纳从小就爱好音乐和绘画。在都柏林美以美教会中学毕业后,因经济拮据未能继续深造,15岁便当了缮写员,后又任会计。1876年多居伦敦母亲处,为《明星报》写音乐评论,给《星期六评论》周报写剧评,并从事新闻工作。
萧伯纳的世界观比较复杂,他接受过柏格森、叔本华和尼采的哲学思想,又攻读过马克思的《资本论》。1884年他参加了“费边社”,主张用渐进、点滴的改良来改变资本主义制度,反对暴力革命。在艺术上,他接受易卜生影响,主张写社会问题,反对“为艺术而艺术”的主张。
萧伯纳的文学始于小说创作,但突出的成就是戏剧,“他的戏剧使他成为我们当代最迷人的作家”(颁奖辞)。1885至1949年近64个创作春秋中,他共完成了51个剧本。前期主要有《不愉快戏剧集》,包括《鳏夫的房产》(1892)、《荡子》(1893)和《华伦夫人的职业》(1894)等;《愉快的戏剧集》由《武器与人》(1894)、《康蒂妲》(1894)、《风云人物》(1895)和《难以预料》(1896)组成。第三个戏剧集名为《为清教徒写的戏剧》,其中有《魔鬼的门徒》(1897)、《凯撒和克莉奥佩屈拉》(1898)和《布拉斯庞德上尉的转变》(1897)。
进入20世纪之后,萧伯纳的创作进入高峰,发表了著名的剧本《人与超人》(1903)、《芭芭拉少校》(1905)、《伤心之家》(1913)、《圣女贞德》(1923)、《苹果车》(1929)和《真相毕露》(1932)、《突然出现的岛上愚人》(1936)等。其中《圣女贞德》获得空前的成功,被公认为他的最佳历史剧,是“诗人创作的最高峰”(颁奖辞)。
萧伯纳杰出的戏剧创作活动,不仅使他获得了“20世纪的莫里哀”之称,而且“因为他的小说诗歌文学作品具有理想主义和人道精神,其令人激励和讽刺往往蕴含着独特的诗意之美”,于1925年获得了诺贝尔文学奖。
《不愉快戏剧集》、《鳏夫的房产》、《荡子》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《愉快的戏剧集》、《武器与人》、《康蒂妲》、《风云人物》、《难以预料》、《为清教徒写的戏剧》、《魔鬼的门徒》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩屈拉》、《布拉斯庞德上尉的转变》、《人与超人》、《芭芭拉少校》、《伤心之家》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》、《真相毕露》、《突然出现的岛上愚人》等
以下为个人珍藏维基百科对于萧伯纳的介绍
[编辑] 语录
明白事理的人使自己适应世界;不明事理的人想使世界适应自己。所以,所有进步都要靠不明事理的人。
原文:"The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man. "
所谓爱国心,是指你既生为这个国家的国民,对于这个国家,当比对其他一切的国家信仰得高贵优越。
每当别人赞扬我,我都感到很不安,因为他们赞扬的不够。
所有伟大的真理开始于对上帝的亵渎。
原文:"All great truths begin as blasphemies."
出处:Annajanska (1919)
金钱的匮乏是所有罪恶的根源。
原文:"Lack of money is the root of all evil."
所有伟大的艺术和文学都是宣传。
原文:"All great art and literature is propaganda."
自由意味着责任,正因为如此,多数人都惧怕自由。(9月11日名言)
原文:"Liberty means responsibility. That is why most men dread it."
出自《致革命者的箴言》(Maxims for Revolutionists)
Contents
[hide]
1 Sourced
1.1 The Philanderer (1893)
1.2 Mrs. Warren's Profession (1893)
1.3 Caesar and Cleopatra (1898)
1.4 Man and Superman (1903)
1.4.1 Maxims for Revolutionists
1.5 Major Barbara (1905)
1.6 John Bull's Other Island (1907)
1.7 Getting Married (1908)
1.8 Misalliance (1910)
1.9 The Doctor's Dilemma (1911)
1.10 Pygmalion (1912)
1.11 Androcles and the Lion (1913)
1.12 Back to Methuselah (1921)
1.13 A Treatise on Parents and Children
2 Attributed
3 About Shaw
4 External links
[edit] Sourced
Just as the liar's punishment is, not in the least that he is not believed, but that he cannot believe any one else.
Quintessence Of Ibsenism 1891
My method is to take the utmost trouble to find the right thing to say, and then to say it with the utmost levity.
Answers to Nine Questions
We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.
Candida, Act I (1898)
I'm only a beer teetotaler, not a champagne teetotaler. I don't like beer.
Candida, Act III
We don't bother much about dress and manners in England, because as a nation we don't dress well and we've no manners.
You Never Can Tell, Act I (1898)
The great advantage of a hotel is that it's a refuge from home life.
You Never Can Tell, Act II
My specialty is being right when other people are wrong.
You Never Can Tell, Act IV
There is only one religion, though there are a hundred versions of it.
Plays Pleasant and Unpleasant, Vol. II, preface (1898)
You're not a man, you're a machine.
Arms and the Man, Act III (1898)
The novelties of one generation are only the resuscitated fashions of the generation before last.
Three Plays for Puritans, Preface (1900)
The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them: that's the essence of inhumanity.
The Devil's Disciple, Act II (1901)
Martyrdom, sir, is what these people like: it is the only way in which a man can become famous without ability.
The Devil's Disciple, Act II
You must not suppose, because I am a man of letters, that I never tried to earn an honest living.
The Irrational Knot, Preface (1905)
[Chess] is a foolish expedient for making idle people believe they are doing something very clever, when they are only wasting their time.
The Irrational Knot
To understand a saint, you must hear the devil's advocate; and the same is true of the artist.
The Sanity of Art: An Exposure of the Current Nonsense about Artists being Degenerate (1908)
The word morality, if we met it in the Bible, would surprise us as much as the word telephone or motor car.
Fanny's First Play, Preface (1911)
That proves it's not by Shaw, because all Shaw's characters are himself: mere puppets stuck up to spout Shaw.
Fanny's First Play, Epilogue
As long as I have a want, I have a reason for living. Satisfaction is death.
Overruled (1912)
All great truths begin as blasphemies.
Annajanska (1919)
You'll never have a quiet world till you knock the patriotism out of the human race.
O'Flaherty V.C. (1919)
Assassination is the extreme form of censorship.
The Rejected Statement, Pt. I
Political necessities sometimes turn out to be political mistakes.
St. Joan (1923)
Scratch an Englishman and find a Protestant.
St. Joan
Our natural dispositions may be good; but we have been badly brought up, and are full of anti-social personal ambitions and prejudices and snobberies. Had we not better teach our children to be better citizens than ourselves? We are not doing that at present. The Russians ARE. That is my last word. Think over it.
The Apple Cart, Preface (1928)
One man that has a mind and knows it can always beat ten men who haven't and don't.
The Apple Cart, Act I
God help England if she had no Scots to think for her!
The Apple Cart, Act II
I have defined the hundred per cent American as ninety-nine per cent an idiot.
Remarks on Sinclair Lewis receiving the Nobel Prize (1930)
An American has no sense of privacy. He does not know what it means. There is no such thing in the country.
Speech at New York (1933-04-11)
You in America should trust to that volcanic political instinct which I have divined in you.
Speech at New York (1933-04-11)
The quality of a play is the quality of its ideas.
"The Play of Ideas", New Statesman, 1950-05-06
[edit] The Philanderer (1893)
It's well to be off with the Old Woman before you're on with the New.
Act II
The fickleness of the women I love is only equaled by the infernal constancy of the women who love me.
Act II
The test of a man or woman's breeding is how they behave in a quarrel.
Act IV
[edit] Mrs. Warren's Profession (1893)
People are always blaming circumstances for what they are. I don't believe in circumstances. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want, and, if they can't find them, make them.
Vivie, Act II
There are no secrets better kept than the secrets everybody guesses.
Crofts, Act III
I know Miss Warren is a great devotee of the Gospel of Getting On.
Praed, Act IV
[edit] Caesar and Cleopatra (1898)
Hail, Sphinx: salutation from Julius Caesar! I have wandered in many lands, seeking the lost regions from which my birth into this world exiled me, and the company of creatures such as I myself. I have found flocks and pastures, men and cities, but no other Caesar, no air native to me, no man kindred to me, none who can do my day's deed, and think my night's thought.
My way hither was the way of destiny; for I am he of whose genius you are the symbol: part brute, part woman, and part God— nothing of man in me at all. Have I read your riddle, Sphinx?
THEODOTUS. Caesar: you are a stranger here, and not conversant with our laws. The kings and queens of Egypt may not marry except with their own royal blood. Ptolemy and Cleopatra are born king and consort just as they are born brother and sister.
BRITANNUS (shocked). Caesar: this is not proper.
THEODOTUS (outraged). How!
CAESAR (recovering his self-possession). Pardon him. Theodotus: he is a barbarian, and thinks that the customs of his tribe and island are the laws of nature.
Again, there is the illusion of "increased command over Nature," meaning that cotton is cheap and that ten miles of country road on a bicycle have replaced four on foot. But even if man's increased command over Nature included any increased command over himself (the only sort of command relevant to his evolution into a higher being), the fact remains that it is only by running away from the increased command over Nature to country places where Nature is still in primitive command over Man that he can recover from the effects of the smoke, the stench, the foul air, the overcrowding, the racket, the ugliness, the dirt which the cheap cotton costs us.
[edit] Man and Superman (1903)
This is the true joy in life, the being used for a purpose recognized by yourself as a mighty one; the being thoroughly worn out before you are thrown on the scrap heap; the being a force of Nature instead of a feverish selfish little clod of ailments and grievances complaining that the world will not devote itself to making you happy.
Epistle Dedicatory
The schoolboy who uses his Homer to throw at his fellow's head makes perhaps the safest and most rational use of him.
Epistle Dedicatory
…our political experiment of democracy, the last refuge of cheap misgovernment, will ruin us if our citizens are ill bred.
Epistle Dedicatory
Progress can do nothing but make the most of us all as we are…
Epistle Dedicatory
We must either breed political capacity or be ruined by Democracy, which was forced on us by the failure of the older alternatives. Yet if Despotism failed only for want of a capable benevolent despot, what chance has Democracy, which requires a whole population of capable voters.
Epistle Dedicatory
Bunyan's perception that righteousness is filthy rags, his scorn for Mr Legality in the village of Morality, his defiance of the Church as the supplanter of religion, his insistence on courage as the virtue of virtues, his estimate of the career of the conventionally respectable and sensible Worldly Wiseman as no better at bottom than the life and death of Mr Badman: all this, expressed by Bunyan in the terms of a tinker's theology, is what Nietzsche has expressed in terms of post-Darwinian, post-Schopenhaurian philosophy; Wagner in terms of polytheistic mythology; and Ibsen in terms of mid-XIX century Parisian dramaturgy.
Epistle Dedicatory
A lifetime of happiness! No man alive could bear it: it would be hell on earth.
Act I
The more things a man is ashamed of, the more respectable he is.
Act I
The true artist will let his wife starve, his children go barefoot, his mother drudge for his living at seventy, sooner than work at anything but his art.
Tanner, Act I
Since marriage began, the great artist has been known as a bad husband. But he is worse: he is a child-robber, a bloodsucker, a hypocrite and a cheat. Perish the race and wither a thousand women if only the sacrifice of them enable him to act Hamlet better, to paint a finer picture, to write a deeper poem, a greater play, a profounder philosophy!
Tanner, Act I
Marry Ann; and at the end of a week you'll find no more inspiration in her than in a plate of muffins.
Act II
... the book about the bee is natural history. It's an awful lesson to mankind. You think that you are Ann's suitor; that you are the pursuer and she the pursued; that it is your part to woo, to persuade, to prevail, to overcome. Fool: it is you who are the pursued, the marked down quarry, the destined prey. You need not sit looking longingly at the bait through the wires of the trap: the door is open, and will remain so until it shuts behind you for ever.
Tanner, Act II
In short, the way to avoid misunderstanding is for everybody to lie and slander and insinuate and pretend as hard as they can. That is what obeying your mother comes to.
Tanner, Act II
As he comes along the drive from the house with Mrs Whitefield he is sedulously making himself agreeable and entertaining, and thereby placing on her slender wit a burden it is unable to bear.
Act II
You can be as romantic as you please about love, Hector; but you mustn't be romantic about money.
Violet, Act II
If we were reasoning, farsighted people, four fifths of us would go straight to the Guardians for relief, and knock the whole social system to pieces with most beneficial reconstructive results. The reason we do not do this is because we work like bees or ants, by instinct or habit, not reasoning about the matter at all. Therefore when a man comes along who can and does reason, and who, applying the Kantian test to his conduct, can truly say to us, If everybody did as I do, the world would be compelled to reform itself industrially, and abolish slavery and squalor, which exist only because everybody does as you do, let us honor that man and seriously consider the advisability of following his example.
Act III
A movement which is confined to philosophers and honest men can never exercise any real political influence: there are too few of them. Until a movement shows itself capable of spreading among brigands, it can never hope for a political majority.
Mendoza, Act III
Abnormal professions attract two classes: those who are not good enough for ordinary bourgeois life and those who are too good for it. We are dregs and scum, sir: the dregs very filthy, the scum very superior.
Mendoza, Act III
Hell is the home of honor, duty, justice, and the rest of the seven deadly virtues. All the wickedness on earth is done in their name: where else but in hell should they have their reward?
Don Juan, Act III
You may remember that on earth--though of course we never confessed it--the death of anyone we knew, even those we liked best, was always mingled with a certain satisfaction at being finally done with them.
Don Juan, Act III
Written over the gate here are the words "Leave every hope behind, ye who enter." Only think what a relief that is! For what is hope? A form of moral responsibility. Here there is no hope, and consequently no duty, no work, nothing to be gained by praying, nothing to be lost by doing what you like. Hell, in short, is a place where you have nothing to do but amuse yourself.
The Statue, Act III
I was a hypocrite; and it served me right to be sent to heaven.
The Statue, Act III
... for Englishmen never will be slaves: they are free to do whatever the Government and public opinion allows them to do.
The Devil, Act III
At every one of those concerts in England you will find rows of weary people who are there, not because they really like classical music, but because they think they ought to like it. Well, there is the same thing in heaven. A number of people sit there in glory, not because they are happy, but because they think they owe it to their position to be in heaven.
The Statue, Act III
The earth is a nursery in which men and women play at being heroes and heroines, saints and sinners; but they are dragged down from their fool's paradise by their bodies: hunger and cold and thirst, age and decay and disease, death above all, make them slaves of reality: thrice a day meals must be eaten and digested: thrice a century a new generation must be engendered: ages of faith, of romance, and of science are all driven at last to have but one prayer "Make me a healthy animal."
Don Juan, Act III
But Heaven cannot be described by metaphor. Thither I shall go presently, because there I hope to escape at last from lies and from the tedious, vulgar pursuit of happiness, to spend my eons in contemplation.
Don Juan, Act III
Senor Commander: I do not blame your disgust: a picture gallery is a dull place for a blind man. But even as you enjoy the contemplation of such romantic mirages as beauty and pleasure; so would I enjoy the contemplation of that which interests me above all things namely, Life: the force that ever strives to attain greater power of contemplating itself. What made this brain of mine, do you think? Not the need to move my limbs; for a rat with half my brains moves as well as I. Not merely the need to do, but the need to know what I do, lest in my blind efforts to live I should be slaying myself.
Don Juan, Act III
What a piece of work is man! says the poet. Yes: but what a blunderer! Here is the highest miracle of organization yet attained by life, the most intensely alive thing that exists, the most conscious of all the organisms; and yet, how wretched are his brains! Stupidity made sordid and cruel by the realities learnt from toil and poverty: Imagination resolved to starve sooner than face these realities, piling up illusions to hide them, and calling itself cleverness, genius! And each accusing the other of its own defect: Stupidity accusing Imagination of folly, and Imagination accusing Stupidity of ignorance: whereas, alas! Stupidity has all the knowledge, and Imagination all the intelligence.
Don Juan, Act III
And a pretty kettle of fish they make of it between them. Did I not say, when I was arranging that affair of Faust's, that all Man's reason has done for him is to make him beastlier than any beast. One splendid body is worth the brains of a hundred dyspeptic, flatulent philosophers.
The Devil, Act III
And is Man any the less destroying himself for all this boasted brain of his? Have you walked up and down upon the earth lately? I have; and I have examined Man's wonderful inventions. And I tell you that in the arts of life man invents nothing; but in the arts of death he outdoes Nature herself, and produces by chemistry and machinery all the slaughter of plague, pestilence and famine.
The peasant I tempt to-day eats and drinks what was eaten and drunk by the peasants of ten thousand years ago; and the house he lives in has not altered as much in a thousand centuries as the fashion of a lady's bonnet in a score of weeks.
But when he goes out to slay, he carries a marvel of mechanism that lets loose at the touch of his finger all the hidden molecular energies, and leaves the javelin, the arrow, the blowpipe of his fathers far behind.
The Devil, Act III
In the arts of peace Man is a bungler. I have seen his cotton factories and the like, with machinery that a greedy dog could have invented if it had wanted money instead of food. I know his clumsy typewriters and bungling locomotives and tedious bicycles: they are toys compared to the Maxim gun, the submarine torpedo boat. There is nothing in Man's industrial machinery but his greed and sloth: his heart is in his weapons. This marvellous force of Life of which you boast is a force of Death: Man measures his strength by his d
8,在英国作家中有没有George Bernard Shaw的,他的作品中有没有"Mrs Warren's Profession.这个作品关于什么的
萧伯纳,是爱尔兰剧作家。
萧伯纳(1856-1950)是世界著名的戏剧大师,1925年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。他一生中写了51个剧本,题材范围十分广阔,其中有许多精品。其作品多以情节曲折有趣,对话机智幽默,人物性格鲜明生动著称。作者一向反对“为艺术而艺术”的文艺作品和庸俗无聊的时兴戏剧,主张写重大的社会问题。他在作品中辛辣讽刺资本主义社会的虚伪和罪恶,无情揭露其政治、经济、文化等方面的种种矛盾和不合理现象,因此作品问世后往往能产生巨大的社会反响;至今他的不少剧作仍在世界各地上演,对他的戏剧的研究也在不断地进行。本书译者长期从事萧伯纳研究,以与一般研究者不同的眼光,选反动 了作者的7个剧作,编为一辑,从中可以看出作者创作题材的多样化。2006年是萧伯纳诞辰150周年,我们谨以这个选集对这位戏剧大师表示纪念。
Mrs Warren's Profession是他的作品“华伦夫人的职业”,写于1925年。故事讲述的是华伦夫人出身贫困,后来靠开设妓院赚了钱,让女儿受了高等教育。女儿发现母亲的底细之后,离家出走,去伦敦开始独立的新生活……萧伯纳说创作此剧的目的是为了唤起人们的注意:“卖淫并非由于女性的堕落和男性的淫乱造成的,而是由于妇女遭到残酷的压迫和剥削以致其中最贫困者被迫卖淫为生。”
9,自我控制是最强者的本能。(萧伯纳) 求这句话的原文、具体出自那部作品?
出处:《名人经典语录》萧伯纳 原句:“自我控制,是最强者的本能。”面对生活中的诱惑,长大的我们首先要管住自己。 3.延伸(英文翻译):Self control is the strongest instinct面对不良诱惑,要依法自律,胜人者力,自胜者强,所以自我控制是最强者的本能 4.简介:萧伯纳的一生,是和社会主义运动发生密切关系的一生。他认真研读过《资本论》,公开声言他“是一个普通的无产者”,“一个社会主义者”。他主张艺术应当反映迫切的社会问题,反对“为艺术而艺术”。其思想深受德国哲学家叔本华及尼采的影响,而他又读过马克思的著作,不过他却主张用渐进的方法改变资本主义制度,反对暴力革命。
10,红楼梦and主要人物及其关系
红楼梦》
先从宁国府的开始
贾敬,宁国公贾演的孙子,京营节度使世袭一等神威将军贾代化的次子。是丙辰科进士,却一味好道,在都外玄真观修炼,烧丹炼汞,别的事一概不管,放纵家人胡作非为。后因吃秘制的丹砂烧胀而死,死时腹中坚硬如铁,面皮嘴唇烧得紫绛皱裂。死后天子追赐他五品之职。
焦大,宁国府的老奴。从小跟宁国公贾演出过三四回兵,曾从死人堆里把奄奄一息的主子背出来。没有饭吃,他饿著肚子去偷东西给主子吃,没有水喝,他自己喝马尿,把得来的半碗水给主子喝。由于以往的功劳情分,宁府的主子们对他另眼相看,不大难为他。他对宁国府后代糜烂的生活深恶痛绝,也只有他在喝醉酒后敢大骂他们∶“每日偷狗戏鸡,爬灰的爬灰,养小叔子的养小叔子”,吓得众小厮魂飞魄丧,把他捆起来,用土和马粪满满填了他一嘴。
贾珍,贾敬之子,世袭三品爵威烈将军。生活极度放纵,他虽有一妻二妾,但仍和儿媳秦可卿、妻妹尤二姐关系暧昧。秦可卿死后,是他流泪向王夫人请求让王熙凤料理丧事,让她“爱怎么办就怎么样办”,姿意奢华。为了丧礼上风光些,他特意花一千两银子为儿子贾蓉捐了个五品龙禁尉。这场奢靡的丧事,也足以说明他与秦可卿之间的特殊关系了。后因作恶多端,被人参奏革去世职,派往海疆效力赎罪。
尤氏,贾珍之妻。虽为宁国府当家奶奶,但并无实权,素日只是顺从贾珍。她没什么才干,也没口齿,是个锯了嘴子的葫芦。她极力阻止过尤二姐的婚事,但无奈贾珍主意已决。当王熙凤发现贾琏偷娶尤二姐后,大闹宁国府,尤氏束手无策,随王熙凤作践,把她揉搓成一个面团儿。贾珍在家中聚赌,她也毫无办法。
佩凤,贾珍之妾,年青姣憨之女子。
偕鸾,贾珍之妾,年青姣憨之女子
贾蓉,贾珍之子。他原为监生,妻子秦可卿死后,为了在丧礼上风光些,父亲贾珍花了一千两银子给他捐了个五品龙禁尉。后娶胡氏为妻。贾蓉长得是面目清秀,细挑身材,但生活上却和他父亲贾珍一样荒淫无耻。他和婶娘王熙凤有著不可告人的关系,还和姨娘尤二姐不乾不净。为了达到能与尤二姐不断鬼混的目的,他想出了让贾琏偷娶尤二姐并安置在府外的主意,使得尤二姐被王熙凤逼死。由于他和父亲作恶多端,被人参奏,宁国府被锦衣军查抄。后依附荣府生活。
秦可卿,金陵十二钗之一,贾蓉之妻。她是营缮司郎中秦邦业从养生堂抱养的女儿,小名可儿,大名兼美。她长得袅娜纤巧,性格风流,行事又温柔和平,深得贾母等人的欢心。但公公贾珍与她关系暧昧,致使其年轻早夭。
瑞珠,秦可卿的丫环。秦可卿生前与公公贾珍关系暧昧,服侍秦可卿的瑞珠因此受到贾珍的威胁。秦可卿死后,瑞珠触柱而亡。
宝珠,秦可卿的丫环。秦可卿死后,宝珠见秦氏还未出殡,愿为义女,请任摔丧驾灵之任,后在铁槛寺陪伴秦可卿之灵,执意不肯回宁府。
贾惜春,金陵十二钗之一,贾珍的妹妹。因父亲贾敬一味好道炼丹,别的事一概不管,而母亲又早逝,她一直在荣国府贾母身边长大。由于没有父母怜爱,养成了孤僻冷漠的性格,心冷嘴冷。抄检大观园时,她咬定牙,撵走毫无过错的丫环入画,对别人的流泪哀伤无动于衷。四大家族的没落命运,三个本家姐姐的不幸结局,使她产生了弃世的念头,后入栊翠庵为尼。
入画,贾惜春的丫环。因她父母在南方,她和哥哥只好跟随叔叔过日子,可叔叔婶婶只知道喝酒赌钱,她哥哥只好把做小厮所得的赏赐托人交给她保管,抄检大观园时被发现。贾惜春非要把她撵走,入画跪地哀求,百般苦告,尤氏只得叫人将入画带到宁府。
下面就素荣国府.....
贾母,贾代善之妻,出嫁前为金陵世家史侯的小姐。她在贾家从重孙媳妇做起,一直到有了重孙媳妇,凭著她的精明能干,才坐稳了贾家最高统治者的位置。她虽已年老,也不管家,但余威犹在。当她发现有下人在园中聚赌时,便立即一一查实,并作严厉的处罚。她是个典型的享乐主义者,她的儿孙成了淫棍、赌徒,只要他们不来搅扰她的享乐,她是不干涉的。她不大喜欢大儿子贾赦和大儿媳邢夫人,偏爱小儿子贾政和小儿媳王夫人。她喜欢众孙女,溺爱孙子宝玉,但并不支持宝黛的爱情。她批准了王熙凤的“掉包计”,使宝玉被迫娶了薛宝钗。后以八十三岁高龄去世。
鸳鸯,贾母的大丫头。她长得蜂腰削肩,鸭蛋脸,乌油头发,高高的鼻子,两边腮上微微的几点雀斑。父母在南京为贾家看房子,哥哥是贾母房里的买办,嫂子是贾母房里管浆洗的头儿。贾赦看上她,非要纳她为妾,让邢夫人、鸳鸯的哥嫂来劝她,威逼她,但她坚决不从,发誓说∶ “我这一辈子,别说是‘宝玉’,就是‘ 宝金’、‘宝天王’、‘宝皇帝’,横竖不嫁人就完了,就是老太太逼著我,一刀子抹死了,也不能从命!”贾母死后,她自知逃不出贾赦等人的玩弄,悬梁自尽。
林如海,姓林名海,表字如海。出身虽系世禄之家,却也是书香之族。考中探花后,哎为兰台寺大夫,钦点为巡盐御史。娶妻贾敏〈即贾母之女〉,生有一女名叫黛玉,夫妻爱之如掌上明珠。黛玉六岁时,贾敏一病而亡。贾母爱惜孤女,便把她接到贾府生活。后林如海也身染重病而亡。
林黛玉,林如海与贾敏的独女。因父母先后去世,外祖母怜其孤独,接来荣国府抚养。虽然她是寄人篱下的孤儿,但她生性孤傲,天真率直,和宝玉同为封建的叛逆者,从不劝宝玉走封建的仕宦道路。她蔑视功名权贵,当贾宝玉把北静王所赠的圣上所赐的名贵念珠一串送给她时,她却说∶“什么臭男人拿过的,我不要这东西!”她和宝玉有著共同理想和志趣,真心相爱,但这一爱情被贾母等人残忍地扼杀了,林黛玉泪尽而逝。
紫鹃,原名鹦哥,是贾母房里的二等小丫头。贾母见林黛玉来时只带了两个人,恐不中使,便把鹦哥给了黛玉,改名为紫鹃。她和黛玉关系很好,情同姐妹,一时一刻离不开。她见黛玉是个孤儿,又和宝玉相爱,就劝黛玉趁老太太还硬朗的时候作定大事要紧。为此,她想出林家要接黛玉回苏州的话来试宝玉,使宝玉痴病大发。黛玉死后,她被派到宝玉屋里做丫头,后跟贾惜春出家终身服侍惜春。
雪雁,林黛玉从苏州家里带来的小丫头。宝玉成亲时,她是扶新娘的,致使宝玉误以为林黛玉是新娘,后给她配了个小厮过活去了。
贾赦,字恩侯。世袭一等将军之职,贾母的长子。他好色,平日就不好生做官,整日在家和小老婆喝酒。在他胡子花白,儿子、孙子一大群时,还看上贾母的丫头鸳鸯,非要把她收为妾。由于鸳鸯的强烈反抗,贾母又不舍得,他才没有得逞。但事后,他还是花了八百两银子买了一个十七岁的女孩来做妾。贾母不大喜欢他,这使他颇为不满。八月十五中秋赏月,他用讲笑话的形式影射母亲偏心。席间,贾宝玉、贾兰、贾环作诗,他只对不受贾母宠爱的贾环大加赏赐,并赞他的诗有侯门气概,有世袭前程。后因交通外官,仗势凌弱,革去世职,发往边疆充军。
邢夫人,贾赦之妻。她禀性愚弱,只知奉承贾赦,家中一应大小事务,俱由贾赦摆布。出入银钱,一经她手,便克扣异常,婪取财货。儿女奴仆,一人不靠,一言不听,故甚不得人心。作为贾家的大儿媳,她得不到婆婆贾母的欢心,也没有当家的权力,自己的媳妇王熙凤又一味奉承贾母与王夫人,这使她极为不满。她一直伺机反扑,不时给她们制造难堪。当她发现傻大姐拾得的五彩绣香囊时,便以此作为武器,打发人交给王夫人,把王夫人“ 气了个死”,这才引起了抄检大观园。
秋桐,原是贾赦房中的丫环。贾琏偷娶尤二姐后,贾赦夸他能干,就把秋桐赏他为妾。秋桐自以为是贾赦所赐,无人敢冒犯她,连凤姐、平儿都不放在眼里,王熙凤用藉刀杀人之法,调唆她天天破口乱骂尤二姐,还去贾母王夫人处诬告尤二姐,尤二姐不堪折磨,吞金而逝。王熙凤死后,秋桐又和平儿争风吃醋。贾琏嫌弃她,她便天天哭著喊著不愿意在贾家,贾琏便叫她娘家人领了出去。
贾琏,贾赦之子。他捐了个同知的官位,但不务正业。住在叔父贾政家里,和妻子王熙凤帮著料理荣府家务。他一味好色纵欲,女儿巧姐出天花,按迷信要夫妻分房,他一离开王熙凤就找“多姑娘儿” 鬼混。王熙凤去过生日宴会,他就把鲍二媳妇勾搭上手,见了尤二姐,又贪图其美色,骗娶为二房。父亲贾赦却夸他能干,又把自己的丫环秋桐赏给他。他和王熙凤同床异梦,也不知她背地里重利盘剥,是个典型的纨绔子弟。
王熙凤,金陵十二钗之一,贾琏之妻,王夫人的内侄女。长著一双丹凤三角眼,两弯柳叶吊梢眉,身量苗条,体格风骚。她精明强干,深得贾母和王夫人的信任,成为贾府的实际大管家。她高踞在贾府几百口人的管家宝座上,口才与威势是她谄上欺下的武器,攫取权力与窃积财富是她的目的。她极尽权术机变,残忍阴毒之能事,虽然贾瑞这种纨�子弟死有余辜,但“毒设相思局”也可见其报复的残酷。 “弄权铁槛寺”为了三千两银子的贿赂,逼得张家的女儿和某守备之子双双自尽。尤二姐以及她腹中的胎儿也被王熙凤以最狡诈、最狠毒的方法害死。她公然宣称∶ “我从来不信什么阴司地狱报应的,凭什么事,我说行就行!”她极度贪婪,除了索取贿赂外,还靠著迟发公费月例放债,光这一项就翻出几百甚至上千的银子的体己利钱来。抄家时,从她屋子里就抄出五七万金和一箱借券。王熙凤的所作所为,无疑是在加速贾家的败落,最后落得个“ 机关算尽太聪明,反算了卿卿性命”的下场。
尤二姐,尤氏继母带来的女儿。尤二姐模样标致,温柔和顺。贾珍馋涎妻妹的美貌,对尤二姐无所不至,当他玩腻后,就把她让给了贾琏。贾琏因惧怕王熙凤的淫威,只得偷偷娶尤二姐为二房,并把她安置在荣国府外,但不久被王熙凤发现,在她的借剑杀人计谋下,尤二姐备受折磨,当胎儿被庸医打下后,她绝望地吞金自尽。
贾巧姐,金陵十二钗之一,贾琏与王熙凤的女儿。因生在七月初七,刘姥姥给她取名为“巧姐”。巧姐从小生活优裕,是豪门千金。但在贾府败落、王熙凤死后,舅舅王仁和贾环要把她卖与藩王作使女,在紧急关头,幸亏刘姥姥帮忙,把她乔装打扮带出大观园。后嫁给一个姓周的地主。
李纨,字宫裁,贾珠之妻,生有儿子贾兰。她出身金陵名宦,父亲李守中曾为国子祭酒。她从小就受父亲“女子无才便是德”的教育,以认得几个字,记得前朝几个贤女便了,每日以纺织女红为要。贾珠不到二十岁就病死了。李纨就一直守寡,虽处于膏粱锦绣之中,竟如“槁木死灰 ”一般,一概不闻不问,只知道抚养亲子,闲时陪侍小姑等女红、诵读而已。她是个恪守封建礼法的贤女节妇的典型。
贾兰,贾珠与李纨之子。在寡母的教导下,从小诵读四书五经,走封建知识分子的仕宦之道,长大后考中第一百三十名举人。
贾元春,贾政与王夫人之长女。自幼由贾母教养。作为长姐,她在宝玉三四岁时,就已教他读书识字,虽为姐弟,有如母子。后因贤孝才德,选入宫作女吏。不久,封凤藻宫尚书,加封贤德妃。贾家为迎接她来省亲,特盖了一座省亲别墅。该别墅之豪华富丽,连元春都觉太奢华过费了!元妃虽给贾家带来了“烈火烹油,鲜花著锦之盛”,但她却被幽闭在皇家深宫内。省亲时,她说一句,哭一句,把皇宫大内说成是“终无意趣”的“不得见人的去处”。这次省亲之后,元妃再无出宫的机会,后暴病而亡。
贾宝玉
传说女娲炼石补天之时,单留下一块未用,弃在青埂峰下。该石自经锻炼之后,通了灵性,可大可小。一僧一道见后,便在石上镌上“莫失莫忘,仙寿恒昌”几个字,投它入世,成为贾政与王夫人的次子—贾宝玉。他是封建叛逆者。他厌恶封建社会的仕宦道路,尖刻地讽刺那些热衷于功名的人是“沽名钓誉之徒”、“国贼禄鬼之流”。他一反“男尊女卑”的封建道德观念,说∶“女儿是水作的骨肉,男子是泥作的骨肉,我见了女儿,便清爽;见了男子,便觉浊臭逼人!”贾宝玉的种种叛逆思想,当然被封建正统人物视作“ 草莽”、“不肖”。他和林黛玉真心相爱,互为知己,但在贾母等人的安排下,他被迫娶薛宝钗为妻。终因双方思想不同,且无法忘怀精神上的伴侣林黛玉,婚后不久,宝玉就出家当和尚去了。
薛宝钗,金陵十二钗之一,薛姨妈的女儿,家中拥有百万之富。她容貌美丽,肌骨莹润,举止娴雅。她热衷于“仕途经济”,劝宝玉去会会做官的,谈讲谈讲仕途经济,被宝玉背地里斥之为“混帐话” 。她恪守封建妇德,而且城府颇深,能笼络人心,得到贾府上下的夸赞。她挂有一把錾有“不离不弃,芳龄永继”的金锁,薛姨妈早就放风说∶“你这金锁要拣有玉的方可配”,在贾母、王夫人等的一手操办下,贾宝玉被迫娶薛宝钗为妻。由于双方没有共同的理想与志趣,贾宝玉又无法忘怀知音林黛玉,婚后不久即出家当和尚去了。薛宝钗只好独守空闺,抱恨终身。
袭人,原名花蕊珠。小时因家里没有饭吃,老子娘快要饿死了,才把她卖给贾府做丫环。她一开始服侍贾母,后服侍史湘云。因贾母恐宝玉之婢不中使,又把她给了宝玉,宝玉把她改名为袭人。她细挑身子,容长脸儿。她的所做所为合乎当时的妇德标准和礼法对奴婢的要求。主子命令她服侍谁,她的心里便唯有谁。她不时规劝宝玉要读书博取功名。宝玉挨打后,她乘机在王夫人面前进言,大谈宝玉“男女不分”,建议“叫二爷搬出园外来住” ,吓得王夫人“如雷轰电掣的一般”。袭人因此取得了王夫人的宠信,王夫人把她升为“准姨娘”,被晴雯斥为“哈巴狗儿 ”。宝玉出家后,她嫁给蒋玉函。
麝月,宝玉的丫环,深受袭人影响,一味小心服侍宝玉,故也得王夫人的信任。
秋纹,宝玉的丫环,一味小心服侍宝玉。
晴雯,从小被卖给贾府的奴仆赖大家为奴。赖嬷嬷到贾府去时常带著她,贾母见了喜欢,赖嬷嬷就孝敬了贾母。她长得风流灵巧,眉眼儿有点像林黛玉,口齿伶俐,针线活尤好。她的反抗性最强,她蔑视王夫人为笼络小丫头所施的小恩小惠;嘲讽向主子讨好邀宠的袭人是“哈巴狗儿 ”;抄检大观园时,唯有她“挽著头发闯进来,‘豁啷’一声将箱子掀开,两手提著底子,朝天往地下尽情一倒,将所有之物尽都倒出”,还当众把狗仗人势的王善保家的痛骂一顿。她的反抗,遭到了残酷报复。王夫人在她病得“四五日水米不曾沾牙”的情况下,从炕上拉下来,硬给撵了出去。当天宝玉偷偷前去探望,晴雯深为感动,便绞下自己两根葱管一般的指甲、脱去了一件贴身穿的旧红绫小袄儿赠给他。当夜,睛雯悲惨地死去。宝玉深感哀伤,特作《芙蓉女儿诔》,祭奠晴雯。
坠儿,宝玉的小丫头,因偷了平儿的一个镯子,被晴雯得知后,气得晴雯蛾眉倒蹙,凤眼圆睁,把她撵了出去。
四儿,原名芸香,袭人把她改为蕙香。她原是宝玉房里的小丫头,因有一次宝玉和袭人等赌气,不愿意使唤她们,麝月只得把两个小丫头叫进房里供宝玉使唤,其中一个大两岁,清秀些的便是蕙香。宝玉嫌名儿改得不好,了解到她在家中排行为四,便叫她四儿。她很是乖巧,变尽法儿笼络宝玉,她和宝玉是同日生日,因背地里说过一句同日生日就是夫妻,被人密告给王夫人。王夫人勃然大怒,把她撵了出去,让家人来领了去配人。
柳五儿,厨役之女,因家中排第五,故名柳五儿。五儿生得与平儿、袭人、鸳鸯模样相类。她和芳官是好朋友,有一天她到怡红院去给芳官送茯苓霜,回来路上被林之孝家的发现,怀疑她是贼。王熙凤要把她打四十大板后,立刻交到庄子上,或卖或配人,幸亏平儿相助,软禁了一夜就放了。后成了宝玉的丫环,宝玉甚是喜欢,把她当作晴雯。
李嬷嬷,宝玉的乳母。她是一个年老爱唠叨的人。儿子李贵是跟宝玉上学的仆人。
茗烟,宝玉第一个得用的小厮。他年轻不懂事,在贾蔷的调唆下,便大闹起书房来。后随便与小丫头万儿鬼混,被宝玉撞见。宝玉要他带路去袭人家,袭人见了,又数落了茗烟一通。后改为焙茗。
赵姨娘,贾政之妾,贾探春和贾环的生母。因是偏房,她备受王夫人、凤姐等的欺辱,连亲生儿女也不把她当母亲看。为了报仇,在马道婆的暗示下,她花钱让马道婆作法,暗害王熙凤和宝玉。在贾府主子眼里,她是奴才,可她在丫头跟前,却总想摆主子的谱儿。当她得知芳官用茉莉粉当作蔷薇硝给贾环时,便气得眼红面青,赶到怡红院来打芳官,遭到藕官等四人一通“手撕头撞”,探春见了,对她又是一番数落。贾母死后,她送灵至铁槛寺时,突然暴病而亡。
贾环,贾政与妾赵姨娘所生。因人物萎琐,举止粗糙,故甚不得人心。他十分嫉妒宝玉,有一天王夫人命他抄《金刚咒》,让宝玉躺著,他便故作失手,将一盏油汪汪的蜡烛,向宝玉脸上推去,使宝玉脸上起了一溜燎泡。金钏儿投井自尽后,他又向贾政诬告是宝玉强奸不遂所致,把贾政气得面如金纸,将宝玉打了个半死。他从不把生母赵姨娘当作母亲,赵姨娘说他一句,或无心中错拿了一件东西给他,他便扭头暴筋,瞪著眼,对她大发脾气。贾赦等人为了和贾政他们对抗,便拉拢赏赐贾环。贾府败落,王熙凤死后,他便串通邢夫人,想把巧姐卖掉,幸亏刘姥姥相助才未得逞。后宿娼滥赌,无所不为。
贾探春,贾政与妾赵姨娘所生,排行为贾府三小姐。她精明能干,有心机,能决断,连王夫人与凤姐都让她几分,有“ 玫瑰花”之诨名。她的封建等级观念特别强烈,所以对处于婢妾地位的生母赵姨娘轻蔑厌恶,冷酷无情。抄检大观园时,她为了在婢仆面前维护作主子的威严,“令丫环秉烛开门而待”,只许别人搜自己的箱柜,不许人动一下她丫头的东西。“心内没有成算的”王善保家的,不懂得这一点,对探春动手动脚的,所以当场挨了一巴掌。探春对贾府面临的大厦将倾的危局颇有感触,她想用“兴利除弊”的微小改革来挽救,但无济于事。最后贾探春远嫁他乡。
贾蔷,宁府的正派玄孙。他父母早亡,从小跟贾珍过活,比贾蓉生得还风流俊俏。虽然每日应名去上学,亦不过虚掩眼目而已,仍旧是斗鸡走狗,赏花阅柳。他上有贾珍溺爱,下有贾蓉匡助,越发自大起来。后成了贾府小戏班的总管,与小旦龄官相好。贾府败落后,他便偷典偷卖、酗酒聚赌,闹得更不像事了。
贾芸,生有一张容长脸儿,长挑身材,甚是斯文清秀。父亲早逝,因宝玉一句玩笑话“像我儿子”,他便伶俐地说∶“ 如若宝叔不嫌侄儿蠢笨,认作儿子,就是我的造化了。”为了到荣国府谋个事儿做,他借钱买冰片、麝香来送凤姐,并百般求告,才得了一个在大观园里种树种花儿的活儿。他以儿子的名义送宝玉两盆白海棠,大观园才有了“海棠诗社”。他对丫头小红颇有点意思。贾府败落后,他也不认宝玉为父亲了,与贾蔷等人混在一起,喝酒赌钱,闹翻了天,还设计要把巧姐卖掉。
贾芹,贾府小和尚小道士的总管。他在家庙里,为王称霸,夜夜聚赌。有人匿名写了“西贝草斤年纪轻,水月庵里管尼僧。一个男人多少女,窝娼聚赌是陶情。不肖子弟来办事,荣国府内好声名。”的帖儿贴在荣府大门口。贾政见后,气得头昏目晕,革去了他的总管一职。王夫人让贾芹无事不得进入荣国府。
贾瑞,贾府义学塾贾代儒的长孙。贾代儒如果有事,即命贾瑞管理学中之事。他是个最图便宜没行止的人,每在学中以公报私,勒索子弟们请他,后又助著薛蟠图些银钱酒肉,一任薛蟠横行霸道,才引起书房里的一通大闹。在宁府庆贾敬寿宴时碰上凤姐,又动了勾引之意。王熙凤假意与他周旋,最后,贾瑞丧命于王熙凤设计的相思局。
金文翔,鸳鸯的哥哥。金文翔是贾母房里的买办。当他听说邢夫人要鸳鸯做贾赦之妾时,便和媳妇劝妹妹,但鸳鸯咬牙不愿意,两口子也没办法。鸳鸯自尽后,贾政等人以为她是为贾母殉葬,赏给金文翔家的一百两银子。
金文翔家的,鸳鸯的嫂子。金文翔家的是贾母房里的浆洗头儿。金文翔家的是个爱管闲事的人,当她听了邢夫人要鸳鸯做贾赦之妾时,便喜得不得了,兴冲冲跑去劝鸳鸯,被鸳鸯抢白了一遍。鸳鸯自尽后,贾政等人以为她是为贾母殉葬,赏给金文翔家的一百两银子,金家的便喜笑颜开,全无丧妹之痛。
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